A solid substance with tar-like characteristics, bitumen is insoluble in water but can be dissolved in certain organic solvents. Natural bitumens are extracted through open-pit and underground mining techniques, while man-made varieties are produced by refining natural resources such as oil, coal, and shale.

Bitumen plays a vital role in the construction industry, particularly in the creation of asphalt concrete and asphalt-based roofing materials, contributing to various building applications. Beyond construction, bitumen's insulating properties make it a valuable component in the production of paint, varnish, and cable insulation. The extraction and refinement processes involved in obtaining bitumen highlight its versatile applications in both natural and industrial contexts.